[If political science were truly a rational, logical field, the following would be part of Introduction to Political Science 101.  The 1776 United States Declaration of Independence contains such words as “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.  That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.”  These words constitute the true basis of American Exceptionalism.]

All corrupt societies (through an invisible Oligarchy) suppress actual democratic majority rule – monarchical, Marxist, Marxist-Leninist, Islamic, Western contemporary putative democracies, etc. ad nauseum.

The two common factors everywhere are the following:

1. A supreme central government Bureaucracy wields absolute power exclusively in the name of unchallengeable LAW with Full Police and Military Enforcement Power. Sharia Law in Islamic countries is the most transparent in Islamic worlds; ‘Environmental Protection,’ ‘anti-discrimination,’ even a fraudulent misuse of words like ‘Democracy,’ ‘Human Rights,’ etc. – the list of Sophistries is endless.
2. All social interaction is immune to real change. (This rule is most easily comprehended in Leo Tolstoy’s “Anna Karenina.”  One ‘aristocrat’ says to another at a fancy ballet or opera:  “The Worst Social Faux Pas is to react to hypocrisy with outrage.”)

Today, when I observe the unique TYRANNY of Alexandre de Moraes in the Brazilian Judiciary, I see a perfect analogue to a Sharia Law Grand Mufti wherever such law rules in the Islamic world.  (Secular Islamic governments are not dominated by religious Grand Mufti types.  For hundreds of years, the Ottoman-Turkish Empire was ruled by a secular Sultan – no Grand Mufti type religious leader had any real governmental power.)

Formal rational thought was begun by Aristotle.  He was a stickler for logical analysis requiring an understanding of Cause and Effect and Form and Content.  Unfortunately, the nomenclature for such analysis in our world is always tragically corrupted by an eternally increasing form of Sophistry.